OUR INFRASTRUCTURES OF DEVELOPMENT Education

In our country the process of  giving and receiving education has been going on from the ancient times. In the beginning there were no formal institutions to educate people. The children learned skills related to their occupations and social norms and values from their parents. Many things were fixed by religion. Therefore, education can be said to have begun from the religious institutions. According to Hindu tradition, people were give education based on Gurukul system. According to Buddhist tradition, people were taught in monasteries (Gumbas and Bihars). Similarly, people were taught at public buildings (sattalo) and open sitting spaces (platforms)

In our country, jung Bahadur Rana initiated formal education for the first time in the year 1910 B.S. He began English education by establishing the Durbar High School in Kathmandu. On behalf of civil society and community of people is Balguru Khadanad established Sanskrit school at Dingla of  Bhojpur in the year 1932 B.S. After jung Bahadur, Dev Shamsher opened language schools in the year 1958. As an emphasis on education, he opened more than 100 language school in several places of the nation. King Jaya Prithivi Bahadur Sing wrote aksharangka Shiksha and contributed a lot to develop education.

Rana Prime Ministar Chandra Shamsher began highet education in Nepal establishing Tri-Chandra College in 1975 B.S. In the development of education in Nepal the year 1990 B.S. has been a Landmark date as S.L.C. Board was established in that year in Nepal.

Despite the fact that no remarkable progress was made in formal education before 2007 B.S., some foundations were established. At that time, literacy rate in the country was about two percent. Further efforts in education were made after Tribhuvan University was established in the year 2016 B.S. After that the National Education System Plan 2028 B.S. was important. Under this plan, instead of traditional education system, vocation education was emphasized. In the year 2031 B.S. late King Birendra declared primary education free and it was implemented year after year. School level curricula were revised in 2038 B.S. After that, as a landmark in the development of education school level curriculum and new programmed launched were revised in 2049 B.S.

After 2049B.S, the concept of multi-university was brought in the field of higher education and Kathmandu  university, purbanchal university, pokhara university etc. were opened but Nepal Sanskrit university was opened before that the literacy rate which was about 2 percent in 2007B.S has reached 53.7% in 2058, but it is still very low in comparison to other nations of the world.

People to participate in building a road costing Ten million rupees by free public labour

Dhaibung (Rasuwa) 9 Falgun- People from South Rasuwa are participating whole heartedly to build a motor able road upto the only primary health centre that lies in the remote area.

          They are participate for a month to build 1km. 242 metre long and 4 mete wide road Bhorle-1, Banskhola to Dhaibung-8.

This road is 28 km. south from the district headquarters, Dhunche and only 2 km. away from Saatghumti, Dhaibung area of pasanglhamu Highway. Since the 2km:road from Ghumti to Bansekhola (jibjibe) was already constructed, the road under construction will be complete and the primary health center will have a direct connection to the Pasanglhymu highway.

Donor agencies have come up to provide ambulance and X-ray tools to primary health center but Bishnu Prasad Poudel the said. He further added, “It is road costing one crore rupees, lets see how much we can do”. According to the Statement of  Rajubhai Maharjan, the overseer of district infrastructure development office the construction cost, if constructed by labour donation of the people, will be 9.8 million 91 thousand and 75 rupees but if it is constructed by hiring the contractors it will cost 10.5 million 12 thousand 2 hundred and seven rupees.

The committee has already constructed six hundred meter long road but it is not easy to construct the point which leads upto the primary health center, the road has to pass Tinghumti. There are slopes, landslides and trees on the way. The committee has targeted to complete it within a month.

The committee has bought the tools/goods costing 20 thousand rupees in credit. These tool/goods will be used in construction work of the road.

The local people bring the remaining tools. Digging the land with a spade, Man Bahadur Tamang, the 57 year old resident of  Chhan-Dhaibung-9, jibjibe said that they brought not only tools but also Tiffin. He further added that nobody else but they should word hard for the project. From children to the people old people are involved on it. From some houses there are upto three people working daily. The number of such families is half a dozen. They work from10 O’clock in the morning to 5 O’clock in the evening. Dr.Sunil Koirala, expressing his happiness for the hard work and determination of community to construct the road upto the primary health center, said that he was encouraged by the enthusiasm of the people to serve the patient with full dedication. About 50-60 patients some to the primary health centre every day.

The user group has a hope that, after the construction of the road, there will be co-operation of the people not only in the field of  health but also the local market promotion. Chairman Poudel claims that community can increase income by sending local potatoes, cauliflower, and milk to other markets as well.

PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

People are benefited from the development and construction activities and their living standard goes up. Government alone is not enough for development to happen. For this, people themselves should participate. If people participate in development tasks wholeheartedly, it can be better and sustainable. Therefore, the government has the policy of making people participate in development work. Read the following map and news carefully and conduct an extensive discussion Importance of Public Participation in the class.

MAJOR DEVELOPMENT WORTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT REGIONS

Ii is now clear from the previous lessons that the government has the mentality of conducting projects based on the concept of development region for the overall development of Nepal. Here in this lesson we will discuss various development works taking place in the development regions. In our country the principal development work are agriculture development, road extension, education development, management of drinking water and irrigation, establishment and running of  cottage industries, postal service, telecommunication extension services etc. Basically, we find the development works being conducted related to these infrastructures in the districts under each development region. For example, in the Western Development Region, agriculture works and cash crops like jute, tea, cardamom, livestock and cottage industries like agriculture tools making, weaving, knife making, oil  producing etc ate being run. There are large and medium industries running in the big cities like Biratnagar, Dharan, Rajbiraj, Damak, Dam, Bhadrapur, Lahan, Itahari, Dhankuta etc. In these cittmaies hospitals, schools and campuses also are providing services to the people there. Similarly, in the Central Development Region, apart from trade thera are industries running in the commercial centers like Kathmandu valley, Janakpur, Hetauda, Bharatpur, Birgunj, Banepa, Trishuli etc.

          Projects related to agriculture, forest and soil conservation have supported the development tasks. There is high probability of tourism development in Pokhara and Annapurna area of the Western Development Region. Although, it appears seems that Mid western and far western development regions are falling behind in development process, extension, of transportation and other development activates are being promoted there too. Since hills and mountain regions are difficult to access the development process is slow there and development costs are high. In such areas we can uplift the living standard of people by promoting horticulture, mountaineering, livestock, and herbs production. In far western development region development works are comparatively less in number due to lack of infrastructure facilities. The government is promoting developmental works in planned manner, in all development religions as far as the resources and means allow. Tourism and industries also are supporting the economic  development of the country.

Why development region

               Extended from Mechi of the East and Mahakali of the West and Terai of the South and the Himalayas of the North, the Kingdom of Nepal has an area of 1, 47, 181 sq. km. This small country Nepal is full of geographical diversity. Due to presence of hills, valleys; forest and mountains here, uniform its in development from the perspective of agriculture, industry, trade etc is lacking in different places. For the development and construction works of a country, first of all, there; should be development of infrastructure. Infrastructure of development are transportation, communication, education, health, drinking water, electricity etc. Due to diversity in our country all of these infrastructure vary from

place to place, and therefore, some place are extremely back warded.

There is poor mobilization of resources and means in many places. Employment opportunities vary a lot. Quantities of agriculture production an crops also vary. People migrate to terai from hills and to cities from the villages. Keeping all these in mind, there should be equitable development of all places. If we can utilize the locally available means and resources properly, we can promote the living standard of the people. If such efforts are made, there won’t be significant gaps in population distribution, Proportionate development of all regions becomes a possibility.

          There will be favorable environment for development of the country. That is why the concept of development region was brought into practice with a view to provide equal employment opportunities in all places and to develop back warded area proportionately by mobilizing local resources and means. We can create favorable environment as mentioned above by mobilization and distributing the various development activities and resources to be mobilized by the government on the basis of developmental region. Then, from the view the view points of social justice all Nepalese can receive the benefits of developments. It is for this reason that Late King Birendra had tried to let the nation move forward on. The path of development by dividing the nation into five development regions. Late King Birendra had tried to ensure balanced and proportionate development by visiting the developments. This concept has been duly emphasized in the present political system too.

Our country

               Look at the following map carefully. It is the map of Nepal. What are the names of the countries bordering it from east, west, north and south? Find out. All Nepalese are living on the area shown by the map of Nepal with the feeling of community based unity practicing and preserving our own costumes language and culture. From administrative point of view our country has been divided into village development comities, municipalities, districts, zones and development regions.

              The above map clarifies that our country is divided into 14 zones and 75 districts. Dear little brothers and sister. These zones are the groups of comprising at least four and at most eight districts. The division makes the administrative works easy for the government. Therefore, these are some zonal level governmental offices in each zone. Participation activities of the people living in the zones are organized on the basis of group efforts and competition. Among these zones ten are named after river, two are named after mountains and the remaining two are named after places.

              As zones are composed of districts so development regions are composed of zones. There are five development regions namely, Eastern development region, Central development region, Western development region, Mid-western region and Far- western development region. The main objective of dividing the nation into five development regions is to promote and co-operation and understanding to develop the nation from Mechi in the east to Mahakali in the west and from Terai to the Himalayans, by reducing the imbalance in development. There is one regional administrative office in each development region. It monitors, co-ordinates, supervises and controls the administrative office within the region. The chief of such offices is called the Regional Administrator. Government of Nepal appoints the Regional Administrator.

Executive

Executive is the second important organ of the government. It directly involves in the state affair so it has broader affect. It enforces policies  enacted by the legislature. This is the executing organ of the state, which guides, controls and operates the state affairs under the constitution and

other laws.

LEGISLATURE

The democratic government of a country neither can work properly without, law, Acts and rule and regulation nor can contribute in the development of the nation. In Democratic governance system person elected by the people are in decision making level , which is actually called democracy.

            So; legislature is the representative institution of all representative elected by the people . This has the aim of people’s welfare and prosperity whether they are of any region , caste, sex etc. it identifies the problems facing by the nation and divelops necessary laws and policies to overcome these problems.

The definition of democracy given by Abharam Lincon , democratic government is of the people , by the people , for the essence of this definition representive governance of this definition representative governance system. Since there are elected representatives in the legislature, they develop laws and polices and work in favour of people.

Every nation in the world has their own system of legisture vary on the basis of population, geographical status of the country  which can or cannot be similar with other countries.

However, representagative  governance system is being popular and effective in all demotratic countries of the world. So as there is the legislature with the elected representatives in our country.